US bans Red Dye No. 3 in food after decades of cancer warnings: All about health risks of the colour additive

The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has announced a ban on

Red Dye No. 3

in food products and ingested drugs, giving manufacturers until 2027 to comply as evidence shows it has cancer-causing potential.
Red Dye No. 3 is a

synthetic color additive

which is made from petroleum and also known as

erythrosine

. It gives foods, candies, and beverages a bright cherry-red hue.
While the dye has been prohibited in cosmetics since 1990, it has been used widely in foods such as candy and sprinkles which is concerning as the studies have linked it to cancer in male lab rats.

The decision was taken following a petition by multiple organisations including the Center for Science in the Public Interest and the Environmental Working Group, which prohibits the approval of carcinogenic additives. The FDA’s decision also mirrors California’s move, where the additive was banned in October 2023.
As per FDA, food manufacturers have until January 15, 2027 to remove it from all products and reformulate them, while makers of ingested drugs have got time till January 18, 2028. Foods imported to the United States also must comply with the requirements.

The new ban also follows the Delaney Clause of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, which was enacted in 1960 which prohibits the FDA from authorizing any food or color additive that has been found to cause cancer. Center for Science in the Public Interest mentioned in the petition data that showed male lab rats exposed to high levels of Red No. 3 got cancer. However, the FDA noted that studies in humans and other animals did not have the same effect.
“The FDA cannot authorize a food additive or color additive if it has been found to cause cancer in human or animals,” said Jim Jones, the FDA’s deputy director for human foods, according to NBC. “Evidence shows cancer in laboratory male rats exposed to high levels of FD&C Red No. 3.”

Health issues

Apart from cancer, consuming candies and drinks with Red Dye No. 3 could make children develop attention and hyperactivity issues in children, particularly those with ADHD. Many people can develop allergic reaction to this popular food dye which can cause skin irritations, hives, or more severe symptoms like difficulty breathing.

Common foods with red dye no. 3

Red Dye No. 3 is commonly found in a variety of products, including bright-colored candies like jelly beans, licorice, and gumdrops that appeal to children, as well as desserts and snacks such as frostings, maraschino cherries, and baked goods. It’s also used in some breakfast cereals marketed to kids, certain fruit-flavored sodas, energy drinks, and juices. Beyond foods, the dye can even be present in medications and supplements, including pills and gummies, to enhance their appearance.
(Picture courtesy: iStock)